1 Achaemenid dynasty (550–330 BC) 2 Argead (Macedonian) dynasty (330–309 BC) 3 Seleucid dynasty (311–129 BC) 4 Parthian or Arsacid dynasty (247 BC – AD 228) 5 Sasanian dynasty (224–651) 6 Dabuyid dynasty (642–760) 7 Rashidun Caliphate (642–661) 8 Umayyad Caliphate (661–750) 9 Abbasid Caliphate (750–946) 10 Samanid dynasty (819–999) 11 Saffarid dynasty (861–1003) 12 Ghurid dynasty (879–1215)
